Nasir Atallah Houady Alshmlh
Traditional perforations and upcoming laser perforation technology in oil and gas wells.
Rel. Raffaele Romagnoli. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Petroleum And Mining Engineering (Ingegneria Del Petrolio E Mineraria), 2020
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Abstract
Once an oil or gas well is completed, casing and cement isolate the wellbore from the surrounding formation. Fluid communication establishment between the formation and the wellbore needs to perforate the well, either for injection or production. Perforating is the hole creation process in the casing that passes across the sheath of cement and extends some distance into the formation. The majority of perforation operations use the explosives (shaped charge). A perforator is generally lowered on a wireline through the casing to create an open path between the production string and the formation. As effective as those processes are in hole or tunnel creation, they alter the rock and cause damage to the formation around the created tunnel.
The altered region permeability is substantially lower than the formation virgin’s permeability
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