Optimizing Peer-to-Peer Communications among Multiple Kubernetes Federated Clusters

The growing adoption of Kubernetes in multi-cluster and heterogeneous environments has led to the development of frameworks such as Liqo, an open-source add-on that enables dynamic federation of Kubernetes clusters, resource sharing, and transparent workload offloading. While Liqo provides robust foundations for inter-cluster communication, its networking model traditionally enforces a consumer-centric topology, where all traffic exchanged between provider clusters must transit through the consumer. This approach introduces redundant hops, increased latency, and potential bottlenecks, thereby limiting efficiency and scalability. This thesis proposes and implements an architectural enhancement to Liqo’s overlay network to address these limitations in scenarios where a consumer offloads workloads to multiple providers which are directly connected.