The increasing energy demand has led to excessive greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. Greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, are key drivers of global warming, and fossil fuels account for over 50% of global energy production. However, fossil fuels have significant drawbacks, including CO2 emissions, finite supply, and dependence on unreliable imports. As a result, there is a global push to research and develop alternative, climate-neutral fuels to replace fossil fuels. To address these environmental challenges, membrane technologies have emerged as promising solu- tions. These technologies rely on selective permeability, allowing only specific molecules or ions to pass through. Ion Exchange Membranes (IEMs) are a specific type of membrane which allow the passage of ions, while blocking co-ions.