This thesis begins with an in-depth analysis of the avalanche phenomenon. After a general overview, the study examines the snowpack, avalanche classification, and modelling techniques used to assess avalanche dynamics, with a focus on the RAMMS Avalanche software. The first section also includes an overview of defence structures and avalanche risk mitigation strategies, with an in-depth analysis of the impact forces exerted by avalanches on structures, with particular focus on their effects on avalanche protection tunnels. The research then explores the spatial and temporal distribution of avalanches, comparing the southwestern and southeastern Alps. The spatial analysis focuses on avalanche event density per square kilometre in selected regions, while the temporal analysis investigates the relationship between avalanche risk and climate change, considering snow depth and altitude.