Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represent big medical challenges which modern medicine has to face with, nowadays. Due to the increase of life expectancy of older population, the number of people in the world suffering from dementia is expected to reach 75 million, by 2030, and 131 million, by 2050. The economic impact on public health is not secondary and represents, each year, an investment of hundreds of billions of dollars. Own to the lack of understanding the causes of these neurodegenerative conditions, the existing solutions provided by medicine only alleviate the symptoms. Brain microdialysis is a powerful tool for research in Neuroscience and pharmacokinetics monitoring, that enables to get a better understanding of the chemical processes taking place in the brain.