Laura Palmieri
An Algorithmic Approach to Redraw US Gerrymandered District Boundaries by Minimizing Wasted Votes.
Rel. Silvia Anna Chiusano. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Informatica (Computer Engineering), 2018
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Abstract
Partisan gerrymandering consists of redrawing the district boundaries to give electoral advantage to a political party.In 1986, it was declared unconstitutional and justiciable by the US Supreme Court and, since then, many efforts have been done to find a standard that could be adopted by the Court to quantify gerrymandering and eventually reject a redistricting plan. In previous studies, it was concluded that notions such as quantitative measure of shape compactness and other geometric indices had many limitations,as redistricting policies take into account other constraints, and the algorithms that used those indices were highly computationally complex and made the redistricting process infeasible.
Recently, Stephanopoulos and McGhee introduced Efficiency Gap, a new measure of partisan gerrymandering, which is defined as the ratio of the difference between the parties’ wasted votes (in a two-party electoral system) to the total number of votes cast in the election
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