The role of the architect has to be redefined in front of these transformations, but how?

My research starts from an extended critical review of the actions which have anciticipated this exhibition, trying to define some strategies which could be useful for future designs in these areas. The second step consists in the analyze of the specific context of Dharavi, a slum area which is located in the city of Mumbai, close to the recently built Kurla financial Complex. After two month of direct experience on the field, and thanks to the co-operation with the Urbz office, which supports this homegrown neighbourhood through social and architectural inclusive actions, I've recollected important datas about this scenario, supported by a retrospective analysis of the previous academic work. Through the review of specific co-operations between Urbz and different studios and researchers acting inside this specific user-generated neighbourhood, I’ve been able to retrieve common points between ternationally recognized actions and more specific strategies, in order to understand how efficiently the first ones can adapt in a specific environment. Dharavi is a place of fragile connections, from the socio-economic networks which define it to I political pressure of authorities which aim to speculate on its land.

These conditions are furl mental to discover that the new architect has to understand, before producing every kind of design, the specific issues of the field where he is acting, and the connection he needs to establish with the site has to be the most direct as possible. The co-operation with local actors, such as the contractors and the artisans of Dharavi, represents the final step of a process which aims to respond to that simple how: together with the Urbz team, I've defined a co-operative procedure wich allowed us to produce new models and designs for the most common urban typology which emerges from this context, the tool-house.

Introduction

1.3.1.Actors: Urban Think Tank

1.3.2.Vertical Gym in Chacao

1.3.3.San Augustin Metro Cable

1.3.4.Empower Shack in Khayelitsha

1.3.5.Actors : Nlé Arch itects

1.3.6.Floating school in Makoko village, Lagos

1.3.7.Chicoco Radio Station,Port Harcourt

1.3.8.Floating school prototype II, Venice Biennale exhibition

1.3.9.The reference with Versova Beach, Mumbai

1.3.10.Fishing plaftorms prototype, Versova Koliwada

1.3.11.Rahul Merhotra and the Ephemeral Urbanism

1.3.12. Kumbh Mela bathing festival, Allahabad,2013

1.3.13.Alejandro Aravena and the reports from the front

1.3.14.Quinta Monroy Social Housing, Iquique, Chile

1.3.15.Villa Verde housing complex, Costitucion, Chile

1.3.16.Quinta Monroy extension examples,Iquique,Chile

1.3.17 URBZ, User generated cities

1.4.STRATEGIES

2.THE CONTEXT OF DHRAVI

2.2.MUMBAI

Impressions

2.2.1.History

2.2.2.The informal city growth

2.3.DHARAVI

The redevelopment schemes

2.3.1.Impressions

2.3.2.Morphology of the socio-economic fabric

2.3.3.Roads

2.3.4.The tool-house

2.4.DHARAVI'S INDUSTRY

Pottery

2.4.1.Recycling

2.4.2.Extended clustering

2.5.REVIEW

3.RESEARCH

3.1.INTRODUCTION

3.2.WHAT IS URBZ

3.3.VARIABLES OF THE DESIGN PROCEDURE

3.4.STRATEGIES

3.5.THE LOCAL INTERVENTION

3.5.1.A house in New Transit Camp

3.5.1.1.Construction timeline

3.5.1.2.The design action

3.5.1.3.The process

3.5.2.A socio-economic device in New Transit Camp

3.5.2.1.Phases

3.5.2.2.New Transit social club today

3.5.2.3.The design action

3.5.2.4.Field of action

3.5.2.5.The process

3.6.UPGRADING FRAMEWORK

3.6.1.Incremental growth in New Transit Camp

3.6.1.1.Phases

3.6.1.2.The design action

3.6.1.3.The reference with the utopian megastructure

3.6.1.4.The field of action

3.6.1.5.The process

3.6.2.Reclaiming growth in New Transit Camp and Subhash Nagar

3.6.2.1.Tools and devices

3.6.2.2.Phases

3.6.2.3.The design action

3.6.2.4.The field of action

3.6.2.5.The process

3.6.3.Urban devices for Dharavi, the infra-free texture

3.6.3.1.Water tank

3.6.3.1.1.Free volumes

3.6.3.1.2.Catchment roofs

3.6.3.1.3.Catchment surface areas

3.6.3.2.Water tower

3.6.3.2.1.Reference

3.6.3.3.Wild nature garden

3.6.3.4.Orchards

3.6.3.5.The Urban prototype

3.6.3.6.The design action

3.6.3.7.The field of action

3.6.3.8.The process

3.7.SITE AND SERVICE

3.7.1.Phases

3.7.2.The design action

3.7.3.The field of action

3.7.4.The process

3.8.TOP DOWN PLANNING

3.8.1.Technology

3.8.2.Urban scale empowerments

3.8.3.Architectural scale design

3.8.4.The court

3.8.5.The tower

3.8.6.The design action

3.8.7.The field of action

3.8.8.The process

3.9.RESULTS

4.DESIGN PRACTICES IN DHARAVI

4.1.INTRODUCTION

4.2.FOCUS ON: THE LOCAL CONTRACTOR

4.3.THE MEDIATOR ARCHITECT

4.4.STRATEGY

4.5.CASE STUDY I

Design

4.5.1.The model

4.5.2.Graphic rielaboration

4.6.CASE STUDY II

Design

4.6.1.The model

4.6.2.Graphic rielaboration

4.7.BRAINSTORMING

4.8.THE PRESENTATION AT THE CHARLES CORREA FOUNDATION

4.9.THE GLASS MODEL

Development

4.9.1.Results

4.10.THE CLAY MODEL

Development

4.10.1.Results

4.11.THE DESIGN PROCEDURE

Results

CONCLUSION

Clifford G., (1936), The Bazaar Economy: Information and Search in Peasant Marketing, Nashville: American Economic Associaton.

Davis, M. (2007). The Planet of slums. London: Verso. Pag. 84.

Echanove, M. , Srivastava,R, (2007) The Slum Outside, Elusive Dharavi, Moscow: Strelka Institute.

Mehta, S. (2006), Maximum City. Bombay città degli eccessi, Torino, Einaudi.

Neuwirth, R. (2005). Shadow Cities; a Billion Squatters, a New Urban World. Oxford: Routledge.

UN-Habitat, (2003). The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements, London, Earthscan Pubblications Ltd London and Sterling.

Vaux, J.H. (1964). The Memoirs of James Hardy Vaux, London: Printed by W. Clowes.

Alcamo, Serena S., Bosco D.,Federighi V., (2011), Increasing open space in Dharavi : processo di progettazione incrementale in uno slum di Mumbai, Rei. Bonino, Michele and Echanove, Matias and rotra, Rahul and Srivastava, Rahul. Politecnico di Torino, 1. Facoltà di architettura. Corso di laurea in architettura (costruzione). Available from:http://webthesis.biblio.polito,it/ld/eprint/2172.

Amrutia.J. (2014), Designls Navi Mumbai Urban Spaces Fulfill Charles Correa's Dream?, London: The Architectural Review.

Ardesio G., (2014), A Swarming City, Patterns of Interference, Politecnico di Milano: Masterthesis

Echanove M. Srivastava R. ,(2010), The Village Inside, in What We See: Advancing the Observation of Jacobs, New York: New Village Press

Erba G. and Tonon A., (2015) Learning from tool-houses, alternative urbane fra Dheli e Mumbai. Politecnico di Torino: Master thesis

Friedman, Y, , (2009), l'architettura di sopravvivenza, Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.

Lantz, M. , Habib,J., (2009) Dharavi, documenting informalities, Engqvist, Academic Foundation, New Delhi: The Royal University College of Fine Arts.

Mehrotra R., Pankaj J., (2006), Mumbai reader, Mumbai: UDRI (Urban Design Research Institute)

Mehta,S. (2006), Maximum City, Bombay città degli eccessi, Torino, Einaudi.

Percivati A., Zucca M., Nalin M., Lacchia V., (2014) Mapping an other Mumbai, Politecnico di torino: master thesis

Prakash, G. (2010), Mumbai Fables, Oxford: Princeston University Press

Alcamo, Serena Stella and Bosco, Daniela and Federighi, Valeria. (2011). Increasing open space in Dharavi : processo di progettazione incrementale in uno slum di Mumbai. Rei. Bonino, Michele and Echanove, Matias and Mehrotra, Rahul and Srivastava, Rahul. Politecnico di Torino, 1. Facoltà di architettura.Corso di laurea in architettura (costruzione). Available from: http://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/id eprint/2172.

Ardesio G., (2014), A Swarming City, Patterns of Interference, Politecnico di Milano: Masterthesis.

Costant,(2016) New Babylon, To us liberty, Roma: Gli Architetti.

Forman R. T. T., Godron M., (1986) Landscape Ecology; New York: John Wiley & Sons, 157-187

Forman R. T. T., (1995), Land Mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; .155-157.

Friedman, Y. , (I959), Spatial agglomerations available for the urban city and for agriculture. A spatial agglomeration of the size of Paris could accommodate and feed 7 million inhabitants., Paris: Collection Centre Pompidou, muse national d’Art mederne, Paris.

Galli, F., (2012), (Co)operazione urbana : una speciale strategia di sviluppo per il quartiere di Dharavi. Relatore: Marina Molon, Milano, Politecnico di Milano.

Miriam Bodino, Colucci Fabio, (2011) New Transit Camp: un processo di riqualificazione in Dharavi,

India, Relator: Michele Bonino, Torino: Politecnico di Torino.

Strocchio, F., Bottero.A. , (2010), The Transit Camp Social Hub, Relatore: Michele Bonino, Torino: Politecnico di Torino.

Ardesio G., (2014), A Swarming City, Patterns of Interference, Politecnico di Milano: Masterthesis

Echanove,M., (2013), Beyond the Informal: Reconceptualizing Mumbai's Urban Development, Gottingen: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity

Echanove,M., Srivastava,R. (2007) The Slum Outside, Elusive Dharavi, Moscow: Strelka Institute.

Percivati A,, Zucca M., Nalin M., Lacchia V., (2014) Mapping an other Mumbai, Politecnico di Torino: master thesis

Aravena, A. (2014), TED Talk, My Vision About Architecture? Including Community, Available from: lps://www. ted.com/talks/alejandro_aravena_my_architectural_philosophy_bring_the_communityJnto_the_process?language=it., Last visit: 8.12.2016

Brillembourg, A. (2014), Ted Talk, The growing informal city, LakeGeneva, Available from: https://www. utube.com/watch?v=UJXtOOP4WQE. Last visit: 7.11.2016

Bhadgaonkar J., Tare K., (2016), Mumbai .Versova Koliwada, Mumbai, Available from: https://shelterglo- l.org/competition/2016/mumbai-versova-koliwada/. Last visit: 4.11.2016

Hurley, A.K. (2014) ,Next Progressives: Going Top Down, Washington, ARCHITECT, Available from: ?lp://www.architectmagazine.com/design/next-progressives-going-top-down_o. Last visit: 4.12.2016

BR (2009), Parallel Cases, Rotterdam, Available from: http://iabr.nl/en/editie/parallel-cases, Last visit: 3.12.2016

La Biennale, (2016), Biennale Architettura 2016, Available from: http://www.lablennale.org/it/architettura/mostra/15/, Last visit: 1.12.2016

Mom.a, (2011), Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement, Available from: https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhlbitions/1061?locale=en. Last visit: 28.10.2016

Mom.a, (2015), Uneven Growth: Tactical urbanisms for expanding megacities, Available from: https://.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1400?locale=it. Last visit: 29.10.2016

Neuwirth, R.,(2005). TED talk, About our Shadow Cities, Available from: https://www.ted.com/tas/robert_neuwirth_on_our_shadow_citles. Last visit: 3.12.2016

NLE’ Architects, (2016), Waterfront ATLAS, Venezia, Available from: http://www.nleworks.com/case/wa-ront-atlas/. Last visit: 3.10.2016

NLE' Architects, (2014), Chicoco Radio Station, Lagos, Available from: http://www.nleworks.com/case/icoco-media-centre/. Last visit: 3.10.2016

Pinatih, A. , ManesRubio,J., (2016), Dharavi design museum, Amsterdam, Available from: http://design-museumdharavi.org/Design_Museum_Dharavi/About.html. Last visit: 5.9.2016

Sala.C. (2016), Future architecture Platform, Roma, Maxxi, Available from: http://www.fondazionemaxxi. it/events/future-architecture-platform/. Last visit: 8.8.2016

Smithsonian Cooper Hewitt National Museum, (2012), Designtother90 blog, Available from: http://www. deslgnother90.org/blog/. Last visit: 30.10.2016

Till, J. (2016). The architecture of good intentions. Available from: http://www.jeremytill.net/, Last visit: 2.11.2016

Urban Think Tank, (2010) Description of the San Augustin Metrocable, Caracas, Available from: http://utt.com/project/metro-cable. Last visit: 2.12.2016

Urban Think Tank, (2014) Description of Empower Shack, Cape Town, Available from: http://utt.com/ project/empower-shack/. Last visit: 2.12.2016

Urban Think Tank. Alfredo B. & Hubert K.. (2011). The Evolution of radical Urbanism, UABB 2015 Volume 1: Re-Living the City, Editor: Gideon Fink Shapiro, Available from: http://utt.com/pubiication/the-evolution-of-radical-urbanism/. Last visit. 4.6.2016

URBZ, (2014), UNEVEN GROWTH WORKSHOP CONFERENCE, New York, MoMa, Available from: http://urbz.net/uneven-growth-workshop/. Last visit: 2.12.2016

Burdett.R. , (2007), Urban India, understanding the Maximum City report, Urban age, Available from: http://eprints.lse.ac.Uk/33348/1/Burdett_UrbanJndia_2007.pdf. Last visit: 24.9.2016

Hushing,R. (2008), Dharavi Leather Industry: Nagnath Leather Processing Workshop, AvailaPle from: http://pad.ma/OI/info. Last visit: 24.11.2016

McKinsey, (2004), Transforming Mumbai into a world-class city, A summary of recommendations, Government of Maharashtra. Available from: http://www.mumbaidp24seven.in/reference/taskforce.pdf, Last visit: 24.9.2016

MacLeod, F., (2014) The most controversial building of all time, ArchDaily, Available from: http://www. archdaiiy.com/573271 /the-9-most-controversial-bulidings-of-all-time. Last visit: 18.8.2016

Moitra M, (2012), Shivaji Nagar: Homegrown Neighbourhood, available from http://urbz.net/shivajina-garhomegrown/. Last visit: 17.11.2016-Phadke, M. , (2016), Dharavi redevelopment project: Tender terms turn off developers, no bids, Noida, The Indian Express. Available from: http://indlanexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/dharavi-redevelop-ment-project-tender-terms-turn-off-developers-no-bids/. Last visit: 27.11.2016

UNDP, (2006), Human Development Report, Available from: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/267/hdr06-complete.pdf. Last visit: 25.11.2016

Ferrari M.,(2015), New Babylon, L'utopia nomade di Constant,available from: http://www.artwort. com/2015/06/23/architettura/new-babylon-lutopla-nomade-di-constant/. Last visit: 15.10.2016

Sp+a, Urbz, (2014), Dharavi: Reclaiming Growthl.pdf from http://urbz.net/reclaimgrowth/.

Last visit: 7.12.2016

Vittori.A. (2014), This Tower Pulls Drinking Water Out of Thin Air, Smithsonian.com, Available from: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/this-tower-puils-drinking-water-out-of-thin-air-180950399/. Last visit: 1.12.2016

Plnatih, A. , ManesRubio.J., (2016), Dharavi design museum, Amsterdam, Available from: http://design- museumdharavi.org/Design_Museum_Dharavi/About.html. Last visit: 5.9.2016

Urbz,(2015), A house we built bigger, Available from: http://urbz.net/pilothouseexpanded/. Last visit: 4.12.2016

Urbz,(2015), A house we built bigger, Available from: http://urbz.net/pilothouseexpanded/. Last visit: 4.12.2016

Urbz,(2016), The story of a lane in Dharavi, Available from: http://urbz.net/bareillycompound/. Last visit: 4.12.2016