A lot of cities in different parts of the world have started a way to become smart, treating different aspects as infrastructure networks, energetic efficiency, green areas,...The focus idea is to improve the quality of life of the citizens and to make them the main actors of transformation, using ICT technologies and common mobile apps, today accessible for most part of the population. Different cities have already put into practice some projects, other projects are work in progress and more others will be started; there are many policies indeed at European and national level that speak about the theme of “smartness” and many actors at different levels are involved.

The most part of the projects put into action until today have faced this theme at the urban scale or in specific parts of the city, to arrive at the micro scale of “smart house”.

Should be the scale of intervention enlarged to a bigger extension? Would it be useful to speak

about smart territories?

In the last decades in most territories (in particular in Italy) it has not been possible to make a clear distinction between urban and rural, but there are forms of expansion called “rurbans”, with specific and complex characteristics.

The connections between an urban pole and its hinterland are frequent, both material connections (transport infrastructures) and immaterial connections (the economical activities of a territory). In order to be successful the development of smart territories should consider the urban core and all the territories that for different reasons “rotate” around the city.

In the last years the theme of landscape has emerged in scientific literature and it was discussed under different aspects as conservation of typical landscapes or use of them for business. With the European Landscape Convention adopted in Italy in 2000 emerges the concept that every place is landscape, both extraordinary landscapes and everyday landscapes, both natural and urban.

In this thesis rural landscape is analyzed: in this kind of territory there are both natural elements and a strong presence of human activity. Agriculture and food are fundamental for people’s life but they are two of the main responsible of the 21st century’s climate changes. The thesis reasons about the possibility of building smartness starting from the environmental values of a territory, and in particular of a rural territory.

The paper starts analyzing the concept of smartness and the connected qualities of this concept. The thesis highlights:

1- the actors that have an active role on the smart planning

2- the related policies at European and National level. Among these policies, the focus is on those that are more centered on environmental issues.

Then three different models of building smartness in planning are analyzed:

1- the “European Smart City Model” of the TUWIEN, which is more analytical and is based on indicators;

2- “My Neighbourhood” model, which is focused on the process and on the involvement o model, focused on three different strategies whof public’s participation.

The thesis continue of smart planl scale. The concept of smart land can be colian case of the concept of smart city. Building smar to reive that joins the key-points of smart city the extended concept of smart land.

The importanthe Euighlights the importance of both ordinary anndencies has emerged: conservation and development. R for long time only for its characteristics of productive territory becaual due to agriculture but it can create othves the typical elements of the territory as traditions, historical and artistic goods and involving both citizens and institutions.

With the application and the scaling-up of the models previously explained in a case-study territory (Novara and Vercelli’s territory), this thesis wants finally to stress the importance for Italy to have a smart planning that allows to improve a rural territory starting from its environmental values.

Starting with the use of specific data and indicators a first study of the considered territory is made and then a model of smartness upon environmental values is proposed and hopefully useful for the involved municipalities and for all the stakeholders that live or have an interest in the territory studied.

2. THE ACTORS OF SMARTNESS

2.1 The role of the Observatories

2.1.1 International Observatory on Smart City Learning

2.1.2 Smart City National Observatory

2.2 The participation of citizens

2.2.1 The power of citizens in Italian planning

2.2.2 The “smart governance”

2.2.3 Scaling-up participation

2.3 A synthesis of the actors

3. POLICIES ABOUT SMARTNESS

3.1 Europe 2020

3.2 Covenant of Mayors

3.3 Smart Cities and Communities Initiative

3.4 Man and the Biosphere Programme

3.5 Choosing the policies

4. MODELS AND EXAMPLES

4.1 Models of smart cities

4.1.1 The European Smart City model

4.1.2 My Neighbourhood

4.1.3 Less is more, manifesto for a smart society

4.2 A comparison of the models

4.3 Practical examples in Europe: Peripheria project

5. FROM SMART CITY TO SMART LAND

5.1 The need to reinvent the territory

5.2 An Italian model of smart land

5.3 A practical example: the North-East Italian context

5.4 Emerging dynamics to consider

6. TOWARDS LANDSCAPES AS TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES

6.1 A new need for landscape

6.2 The necessity of a different territorial governance

6.2.1 A new operative approach of Plans and Programs

6.3 Changes in Italy

6.3.1 Piemonte’s experience

6.4 Smart processes to govern the landscape

7. A CASE STUDY IN PIEMONTE

7.1 Introduction

7.2 About the territory

7.3 PPR for the area of Vercelli and Novara

7.4 PTR for the area of Vercelli and Novara

7.5 Application of the models

7.5.1 Application of “European Smart City model”

7.5.1.1 Data and Indicators

7.5.1.2 Obtained results

7.5.1.3 How to exploit information

7.5.2 Application of “My Neighbourhood” model

7.6 Environmental values for smart development

8. CONCLUSIONS

Bibliography

•Daniela Ciaffi, Alfredo Mela, Urbanistica partecipata. Modelli ed esperienze, Carocci editore, 2011

• Rosalba D’Onofrio, Paesaggio e Piani, Franco Angeli, 2013

• Donolo C., Sostenere lo sviluppo. Ragioni e speranze oltre la crescita, 2007, Paravia Bruno Mondadori

• Franzini Tibaldeo, R. (a cura di), Etica del paesaggio. Programma e metodo di responsabilità, 2006

• Charles Landry, The Creative City, Earthscan, 2008

• Lanzani Arturo, Fedeli Valeria (a cura di), Il progetto di territorio e paesaggio, Franco

Angeli, 2004

• Murray R, Caulier-Grice J., Mulgan G. (2010), The Open Book of Social Innovation. The Young Foundation/NESTA.

• Ognibene F. Elementi di urbanistica, Torino, SEI 2007

• Bernardo Secchi, La nuova questione urbana: ambiente, mobilità e disuguaglianze sociali, in Crios n.1 Oltre la Sostenibilità

Documents

• AA.W., My Neighbourhood - My City, Project Vision, European Commission

• AA.W., My Neighbourhood - My City, My Neighbourhood Concept, European Commission

• My Neighbourhood 2013, My Neighbourhood Gamification Methodology

• My Neighbourhood 2013, Living Lab Methodology and Best Practices

• Osservatorio Nazionale Smart City, “Vademecum per la città intelligente”, Edizioni Forum PA

• WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide Global update 2005 Summary of risk assessment

Issues, news

• European Commission, “An Agenda for new competences and new job’s places: An European contribution toward the general occupation’’, COM(2010) 682 final, Strasburg, 23 November 2010.

• European Commission, “An efficient Europe under the resources profile -Pilot Initiative of the Europe 2020 strategy”, COM (2011) 21 final, Bruxelles, 26 January 2011.

• European Commission, “An industrial politic for the globalization - To recognize the central role of competition and sustainability“, COM (2010) 614 final/4, Bruxelles, 24 January 2011.

• European Commission, “Communication of the European Commission, at the Economic and Social European Committee and at the Committee of Regions - An European Digital Agenda’’, COM (2010)245 final, Bruxelles, 19.5.2010.

•European Commission, “Europe 2020 Pilot Initiative -The Union of Innovation, SEC (2010) 1161", COM (2010) 546 final, Bruxelles, 6 October 2010.

• European Commission, “European platform against poverty and social exclusion: an European discussion for the social and territorial cohesion - SEC(2010) 1564 final”, COM(2010) 758 final, Bruxelles, 16 December 2010.

• European Commission, “Youth on the move -An initiative for the valorization of the potential of young people, to have an intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth in the EU, SEC (2010) 1047”, COM (2010) 477 final, Bruxelles, 15 September 2010.

•Il n’y a pas un modèle allemand, Urbanisme - Hors série, n°49 août 2014

• Paris, Lyon, Marseille, les Régions, face aux Métropoles ou tout contre l’État?, Urbanisme -Hors série, n°49 août 2014

• Participation ou empowerment? Dossier, Urbanisme n°392

• Pas de politique métropolitaine del transports pour Aix-Marseille-Provence sans la Région PACA, Urbanisme - Hors série, n°49 août 2014

Laws

Decreto Legislativo 13 agosto 2010, n.155 "Attuazione della direttiva 2008/50/CE relativa alla qualità dell'aria ambiente e per un'aria più pulita in Europa"

Decreto Legislativo 22 gennaio 2004, n.42, “Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio, ai sensi dell’articolo 10 della legge 6 luglio 2002, n. 137”;

Decreto Legislativo 26 marzo 2008, n.63, “Ulteriori disposizioni integrative e correttive del Decreto Legislativo 22 gennaio 2004, n.42, in relazione al paesaggio”;

DLGS n.267/2000, Testo Unico delle leggi sull’ordinamento degli Enti Locali (TUEL) art.34;

Decreto Ministero dei Lavori Pubblici 1169/98/PRUSST;

Direttiva 96/62/CE del Consiglio in materia di valutazione e di gestione della qualità dell’aria ambiente;

Direttiva 2004/107/CE del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio concernente l’arsenico, il cadmio, il mercurio, il nickel, e gli idrocarburi policiclici aromatici nell’aria ambiente;

Direttiva 2002/03/CE relativa all’ozono nell’aria;

Direttiva 2000/69/CE;

Direttiva 1999/30/CE;

L. 1150 del 42, Legge Urbanistica;

Legge 17 febbraio 1992, n.179 “Norme per l’edilizia residenziale pubblica”, art. 16 PII;

Legge 4 dicembre 1993, n.493, art. 11, PRU;

Legge 8 febbraio 2001, n.21, “Misure per ridurre il disagio abitativo ed interventi per aumentare l’offerta di alloggi in locazione", art.4;

Legge 14 Gennaio 2013, n.10, “Norme per lo sviluppo degli spazi verdi urbani”;

Legge 11 giugno 1922, n. 778 Per la tutela delle bellezze naturali e degli immobili di particolare interesse storico.

Legge 29 giugno 1939, n. 1497 "Protezione delle bellezze naturali"

Regione Piemonte, Legge Regionale n.488 del 13.11.2007, “Legge della pianificazione per il governo del territorio”, Titolo III “Strumenti della pianificazione”, Capo I “Salvaguardia, Valutazione e Copianificazione”;

Regione Piemonte, Legge Regionale n. 3 del 25/03/2013 “Modifiche alla legge Regionale 5 dicembre 1977, n.56 (Tutela ed uso del suolo) ed altre disposizioni regionali in materia di urbanistica ed edilizia”;

Regione Piemonte, Legge Regionale n.17 del 12/08/2013 “Disposizioni collegate alla manovra finanziaria per l’anno 2013” (Capo II artt. 2-8).

Plans

• Piano Paesaggistico Regionale, Regione Piemonte, D.G.R. n.20 1442, Maggio 18 2015

• Piano Territoriale Regionale, Regione Piemonte, 2011

• Piano Territoriale Provinciale, Provincia di Novara, 2004

• Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento Provinciale, Provincia di Vercelli, 2009

• Testo Unico Ambientale, 2006 (updated in 2010 with the dispositions of the L. 25 Febbraio 2010, n.36)

Thesis

• Margherita Belgrano, La stazione di Mondovì: esperienze di partecipazione per una città più sostenibile, 2012, relatore Luca Davico

• Andrea Bertero, La pianificazione strategica nelle smart city, 2013, relatore Marco Cantamessa, Specialistica in Ingegneria Gestionale

• Luca Carena, Smart mobility della città metropolitana di Torino, 2014, relatore Liliana Bazzanella

• Alessandra Costa, Bianca Pennazio, Una matrice dinamica per analizzare la città, 2012, relatore Bedrone Riccardo

• Antonio Parrotta, Study of best practices and current trends of smart city internationally, 2012, relatore Alberto de Marco

• Agnese Trotta, Utopia Realistica: percorsi partecipati di rigenerazione urbana, 2014, relatore Liliana Bazzanella, Giuseppe Roccasalva, Eugenio Morello

• Nicolò Turletti, Measuring smart cities transition, 2014, relatore Umberto Janin Rivolin

Web-sites

• Alfamicro

http://www.alfamicro.pt/about-us

• Cittalia-fondazione ANCI ricerche

http://www.cittalia.it/

• DITEDI - Centro di competenza sulla Smart City- Smart land

http://www.ditedi.it

• Europa 2020

http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/europe-2020-in-a-nutshell/index it.htm

• European Smart Cities - Politecnico di Vienna

http://www.smart-cities.eu/

• Fondazione Francesco Fabbri

http://www.fondazionefrancescofabbri.it/en/fff-the-foundation/francesco-fabbri-foundation/

• Genova Smart City

http://www.aenovasmartcitv.it/index.php/it

• Geoportale del Piemonte

http://www.geoportale.piemonte.it/cms/

• Geoportale Lombardia

http://www.aeoportale.regione.lombardia.it/

• MIT Senseable City Lab

http://senseable.mit.edu

• My Neighborhood

http://mv-neighbourhood.eu

• Open source cities-Tim Campbell

http://opensourcecities.tumblr.com/post/10451972076/timcampbell

• Osservatorio nazionale smart city

http://osservatoriosmartcitv.it/presentato-il-vademecum-la-citta-intelligente

• Patto dei Sindaci

http://www.pattodeisindaci.eu/index it.html

• Peripheria-the human smart cities cookbook

http://www.planum.net/planum-maqazine/themes-online/peripheria-the-human-smart-cities-cookbook

• Regione Piemonte

http://www.reqione.piemonte.it/

• Sistema Piemonte

http://www.sistemapiemonte.it/serviziositad/

• Smart City Learning Observatory

http://www.mifav.uniroma2.it/inevent/events/sclo/index.php?s=169

• Torino Smart City

http://www.torinosmartcitv.it/torino-smart-citv/la-vision

• Urban Age Institute

http://urbanaqe.org

• Urban Observatory

http://urbanobservatorv.org

• Venezie Green

http://venezieqreen.veneziepost.it/