Ludovico Furlanetto
Can a simple model explain economics?
Rel. Luca Dall'Asta. Politecnico di Torino, Master of science program in Physics Of Complex Systems, 2026
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Abstract
Firm growth shows two robust anomalies. First, volatility falls with size much more slowly than independence would predict: σ(S) ∼ S −β with β ≈ 0.15–0.20 rather than 1/2. Second, the growth-rate distribution is sharply peaked and fat-tailed rather than Gaussian. Standard explanations put the source of these effects inside each firm. We ask instead whether the same facts can emerge between firms, from a network of interacting companies in which no heterogeneity is imposed externally. We model the economy as a Generalized Lotka–Volterra system on a sparse random graph, held at its cooperative critical point µc. This regime is hard to reach numerically: there the total abundance diverges in finite time and breaks explicit solvers.
To get around this we split the dynamics into a bounded “shape” on the probability simplex and an unbounded “scale,” and rescale time so the blow-up turns into smooth asymptotic growth
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