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Circuital solutions for a Low-Leakage Switch Control System in Low-Power Sample-and-long-Hold Circuits.
Rel. Fabio Pareschi, Francesco Gabriele, Marco Catania. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Elettronica (Electronic Engineering), 2026
Abstract
Sample-and-hold and long-hold circuits are fundamental building blocks in analog and low-power systems, where analog voltages must be acquired and preserved over extended time intervals. They are widely used in sampling interfaces, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and in conjunction with bandgap voltage reference circuits to acquire and store the reference voltage while allowing the core circuitry to be switched off in order to reduce power consumption. A major limitation of sample-and-hold circuits arises from leakage currents in MOS transistors, which become increasingly significant with technology scaling and low-power operation. In low-power sample-and-long-hold systems, these leakage effects can cause a gradual degradation of the stored voltage during the hold phase, leading to voltage drift and accuracy loss.
The magnitude of the leakage currents strongly depends on the biasing conditions of the switch transistors, including gate–source, gate–drain, and gate–body voltages, and cannot be powerfully mitigated through transistor sizing alone
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