As a vital corridor for ancient China's international exchange, trade, and personnel movement, the Silk Road held significant research value across multiple dimensions, including architectural heritage. This architectural heritage encompassed various categories of ancient constructions and urban sites such as old cities, ruins, palaces, frontier fortresses, and military defense facilities. Among these, the most closely related to and important category was the architectural heritage of ancient post stations. The post system was an essential operational framework of the Silk Road, inseparable from its function. Therefore, this thesis focused primarily on the ancient Chinese post system, post stations, and the overland Silk Road, used their historical development as the research background and took the territory of the People's Republic of China as the main scope.