This study presents a comparative analysis of telematic universities and traditional universities in Italy, with a particular focus on structural differences in terms of faculty composition, academic mobility, and scientific productivity. The research is motivated by the rapid proliferation of telematic universities within a higher education system characterized by strong institutional regulation and the formal equivalence of academic degrees. The empirical analysis is based on the integration of various data sources, including administrative data from the MUR’s CercaUniversità portal, aggregate statistics from the USTAT system, and bibliometric indicators extracted from Scopus. A longitudinal dataset covering the period 2000–2024 was constructed, allowing for an examination of the evolution of faculty characteristics and mobility flows over time.