Tehran is a city shaped by contradiction, where political tensions, social transformations, and everyday life continuously redefine the relationship between people and the built environment. Within this complex landscape, Ekbatan, a large modern housing project in western Tehran, developed between 1966 and 1990, has emerged as more than a housing project, becoming one of Tehran’s most distinctive places of collective life, shared memory, and social and political expression. Taking Ekbatan as its case study, the thesis explores how architecture contributes to the gradual formation of collective identity through the interaction of built form, collective spaces, and everyday life. Combining architectural analysis with urban and housing history, and residents’ lived experiences, the research adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the relationship between space, society, and history.