The role of the microbiota within the human organism is of fundamental importance for the regulation of metabolism, immune defense and inter-organ communication, representing a factor that is often underestimated but is actually at the basis of many disorders affecting a big percentage of the population. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) affect a large proportion of the population and are closely associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Although, restoring microbiota balance offers significant therapeutic potential, many current probiotics show poor gastrointestinal survival and limited efficacy, highlighting the need for improved delivery technologies. In this scenario, the thesis aimed to develop innovative probiotic carrier systems, able to reduce the premature release (or death) of the transported probiotics and to provide therapeutic support through the release of natural biomolecules such as polyphenols.