Against the background of population aging, a significant mismatch exists between the age-friendly provision of public spaces in old communities and the behavioral needs of elderly residents. This mismatch is particularly evident in terms of spatial use efficiency, behavioral support, and environmental safety, revealing structural deficiencies that urgently call for systematic optimization research from the perspective of behavior–space coupling. Taking Zhongxing Community in Guangzhou as an empirical case, this study conducts a systematic investigation into age-friendly renewal strategies in response to problems such as low public space utilization, poor environmental quality, and insufficient facility provision, with the aim of improving the age-friendliness of public spaces in old communities.