Ultrashort-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) are highly mobile and persistent emerging contaminants, presenting unique challenges for environmental monitoring and management. This thesis reviews the existing literature on ultrashort-chain PFCAs and PFSAs to evaluate their distinct environmental behavior in respect to legacy PFAS and the efficacy of current mitigation strategies. First, these mobile contaminants are characterized by their physico-chemical properties, associated health and environmental impacts, and the current regulatory framework. Because ultrashort-chain PFCAs and PFSAs are detected ubiquitously across the environment, they pose a significant threat that demands dedicated scientific focus. This work details their environmental life cycle, tracking their fate and transport pathways from diverse and often overlooked sources.