The electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) to ammonia has emerged as a promising strategy for the simultaneous removal of nitrate pollutants and the recovery of nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Unlike the centralized Haber-Bosch process, which requires high temperatures and pressures and is associated with high energy consumption and significant CO2 emissions, NO3RR could enable a more decentralized approach to nitrogen valorization, particularly when coupled with renewable electrtricity. In this context, NO3RR is not intended to replace the Haber-Bosch process, but rather to offer a complementary route for nitrate remedation and ammonia recovery from nitrate-contaminated streams. However, nitrate reduction is a complex multielectron and multiproton reaction, involving several intermediates, multiple reaction pathways and the possible formation of different by-products.