Integrating high-resolution imaging and mechanical characterization to predict arterial dissections in calcified femoropopliteal arteries during balloon angioplasty. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition affecting over 200 million people worldwide, which frequently involves the femoropopliteal artery (FPA). It manifests as a progressive narrowing or obstruction of the FPA, commonly caused by atherosclerosis, which reduces blood flow and causes insufficient oxygen supply to the lower limb. Clinically, PAD can lead to symptoms ranging from intermittent claudication and muscle pain to, in severe cases, tissue loss and increased risk of limb amputation. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is widely adopted as a minimally invasive endovascular treatment to restore blood flow and relieve symptoms.