Titanium dioxide nanotubes have attracted considerable interest in biomedical engineering because of their prospective usage in drug-eluting implants. These nanostructures can be readily made by anodization-based electrochemical processing that tailors the characteristics of titanium implants for better performance, biocompatibility, and acceptance. A major advantage of titania nanotubes, however, is that their morphology is highly ordered and tunable, and it plays a key role in their interaction with the biological system. Their combination of larger surface area and hydrophilicity provides stronger attachment of the implant to the bone. Moreover, their precisely controlled nanoporous feature makes them highly accessible for local drug delivery with a controlled and sustained delivery of bioactive agents to the implantation site.