Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, characterized by marked intratumoral heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance, and limited efficacy of conventional treatments. Hyperthermia has emerged as a promising strategy capable of inducing direct tumor damage and sensitizing cancer cells to standard therapies. However, many inorganic photothermal agents raise concerns regarding long-term persistence and biocompatibility. In this context, bioinspired and biodegradable nanoplatforms represent an attractive alternative. This thesis explores the development of a patient-specific photothermal platform based on polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs) for GBM treatment. Polydopamine was selected for its biocompatibility, strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency. PDNPs were synthesized via self-polymerization of dopamine and subsequently coated with cell membranes (CM-PDNPs) derived directly from GBM patient cells to allow homotypic targeting of tumor cells.