This master thesis investigates different energy storage technologies and their classification according to the storage mechanism and form of energy, with particular emphasis on electrochemical systems. The analysis highlights how battery-based solutions are especially suitable for supporting increased renewable energy penetration in power systems. A review of the main battery families is presented, focusing on their key performance parameters, degradation mechanisms, and safety issues such as thermal runaway and mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse, together with potential mitigation and improvement strategies. Furthermore, the study introduces the automotive sector with an overview of electric and hybrid vehicles that employ lithium-ion batteries, providing the context for the subsequent analysis of the State of Health (SOH) of automotive lithium-ion battery modules for battery electric vehicles (EVs).