Freshwater scarcity is becoming a critical global issue as a consequence of population growth, environmental degradation and climate change. A significant portion of the global population already lives under water-stressed conditions and the demand for potable water is projected to grow. In many of the areas affected by water shortages, solar radiation is widely available, suggesting the need for desalination technologies capable of operating with renewable energy and limited infrastructure. Conventional desalination methods, such as Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Multi-Stage-Flash (MSF) are well established, but they require significant electrical power and complex equipment. An alternative to these technologies is Membrane Distillation (MD), a thermally driven separation process through a hydrophobic membrane in which salts and non-volatile species are rejected.