Adsorption-based desalination and thermochemical thermal energy storage (TES) enable the utilization of low-grade renewable heat, such as that provided by solar thermal collectors, for sustainable water–energy applications. The performance of these systems is strongly dependent on the equilibrium and cyclic behavior of the employed sorbents. This thesis investigates mesoporous silica gel and salt-impregnated composite sorbents: silica gel matrix impregnated with CaCl2/MgCl2 and CaCl2/LiCl; cement matrix impregneted with CaCl2, for combined desalination and thermal storage purposes. Adsorption isotherms were experimentally determined through Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) analysis at 20 ◦C and extended to higher temperatures using a Polanyi-based model. The materials were subsequently tested in a laboratory-scale adsorption desalination unit under cyclic operation at desorption temperatures of 45 ◦C and 60 ◦C.