The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is increasingly relying on product variety to capture market share by meeting a wider range of consumer preferences. This leads to a severe fragmentation of the portfolio, shaped as a Long Tail, which, in highly perishable categories, collides with strict commercial shelf life limits and rigid industrial constraints, inevitably generating material and financial waste. This thesis aims to assess the structural conflict between operational efficiency and marketing strategies through a case study conducted at the Barilla Group for the Fresh Bakery category. To quantify this complexity and mitigate the risk of inventory adjustments, a data-driven methodology was developed.