Elia Missud
Simulating to Protect: Vulnerable Environments for Studying Cloud-Native Security.
Rel. Cataldo Basile, Francesco Settanni, Gabriele Gatti. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Informatica (Computer Engineering), 2026
Abstract
Kubernetes is widely adopted for orchestrating cloud-native workloads, but its complexity makes it challenging to build test environments that are both realistic and repeatable for cybersecurity experimentation. Security assessments and red/blue team training often rely on either overly synthetic labs or time-consuming manual setups, limiting systematic evaluation of misconfigurations, attack paths, and defensive controls, and making it harder to validate observability-driven workflows for CTI generation. The proposed solution provides a reproducible testbed for studying attacker behaviour and validating defensive strategies and observability capabilities in Kubernetes environments, an area that remains only partially covered by existing security training and benchmarking solutions. This thesis describes a containerized laboratory platform that automatically provisions an isolated environment with a multi-node Kubernetes cluster and realistic vulnerable microservice workloads, including control-plane and policy-layer issues such as RBAC misconfigurations, overly permissive service accounts, and insecure access to core components.
End-to-end attacks are executed through MITRE Caldera as declarative kill chains mapped to MITRE ATT&CK, producing repeatable compromise artefacts and execution traces that enable reproducible experiments even across heterogeneous environments
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