In the oil industry, particularly in long offshore systems, it is essential to have sensors capable of detecting strain and vibration variations along wells and pipelines to ensure structural integrity, operational safety and efficient hydrocarbon recovery. Before the spread of distributed fiber optic sensing, monitoring was mainly based on point sensors and localised instruments, with limited spatial coverage and the risk of information loss in the event of sub-optimal positioning or failures. The use of optical fiber cables as distributed sensors allows almost continuous measurements of temperature, strain and acoustic signals over tens of kilometers, exploiting Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering on a passive fiber that is robust and compatible with hostile subsea environments.