Francesco Camilli
Distributed AI fabrics: a network-side perspective.
Rel. Paolo Giaccone, Emilio Leonardi. Politecnico di Torino, Master of science program in Communications Engineering, 2026
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Abstract
The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed distributed training into a network-intensive workload, where communication efficiency increasingly dominates overall performance. As model size grows, the exchange of gradients between computing devices becomes a critical bottleneck, especially in geographically distributed or resource-constrained environments. This thesis investigates the impact of network latency and bandwidth constraints on decentralized LLM training, with a specific focus on the Ring All-Reduce gradient synchronization algorithm. To analyze this phenomenon, a controlled experimental environment was implemented using Docker containerization on a single physical server, where multiple nodes are interconnected through a software-defined network to emulate a decentralized topology.
The study characterizes network traffic at packet level through tcpdump and Wireshark captures
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