Market Structure ahis thesis analyses the structure, competitive dynamics and profitability determinants of the European electric passenger vehicle (EV) market within an industrial organisation framework. The transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has transformed the competitive landscape of the European automotive sector, introducing new entrants, cost asymmetries and regulatory pressures. Drawing on firm-level financial reports, international institutional data (IEA, IMF), and peer-reviewed literature, the study examines market concentration, pricing strategies, product differentiation and margin evolution during the 2020–2025 period. The findings suggest that the European EV market exhibits characteristics of a cost-asymmetric oligopoly. Tesla and Chinese manufacturers leverage lower battery and manufacturing costs to pursue aggressive price strategies, while European incumbents rely more heavily on vertical differentiation, brand positioning and platform scale to preserve margins.