Human activities, principally through greenhouse gas emissions, have unequivocally caused global warming, with global surface temperatures already around 1.1 °C above pre industrial levels. To limit warming and avoid compounding climate risks, deep and rapid emissions reductions across all sectors, including the built environment, are urgently needed. Buildings account for roughly 30 % of global final energy consumption and 26 % of energy related emissions, and they rely heavily on fossil fuels for heating and cooling which around 75 % of final energy consumed in buildings is tied to space and water heating. Moreover, the embodied carbon of construction materials and processes is significant, representing about 11 % of global GHG emissions and 28 % of building sector emissions.