This thesis investigates the implementation of the European Union Cohesion Policy during the 2014–2020 and 2021–2027 programming periods in urban regions, with a particular focus on the case studies of Budapest, Florence and Rotterdam, in respect to their respective institutional frameworks. While all three cities operate within the broader European multi-level governance structure, their distinct national and local institutional configurations shape their roles in Cohesion Policy implementation. By comparing governance models and actors involved in the decision-making processes, this study explores how these factors influence the allocation, management and implementation of EU funds. A key focus of this research is the evolving relationship between cities and central governments, particularly in the negotiation and management of EU funding mechanisms.