The topic of this thesis is to describe a comparison analysis of the geological and hydrological features of two different cities that have almost identical structural planning, but still differ in climate conditions and geographical locations. The main attention is focused on the comprehensive examination of flood characteristics, seasonal river level rises, and possible scenarios of overflowing the main rivers of Turin and Astana, which divide them in half. The rivers Po in Italy and Ishim in Kazakhstan play a significant role in shaping the city environment, as their banks are lined with a dense concentration of residential and industrial developments.