Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy that accounts for approximately 10% of all neoplasms of this type. The disease is characterized by a clonal proliferation of plasma cells, leading to an abnormal increase in monoclonal immunoglobulins in the serum. Initial therapy for active MM involves a combination of drugs, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and corticosteroids. The management of relapsed/refractory MM is more complex as MM does not follow a single pattern of oncogenic pathway alteration. Although advances have significantly improved prognosis, patients have a five-year survival rate of around 60%. For this reason, MM remains a malignancy in continuous therapeutic evolution, and the current challenge is to develop new strategies that reduce minimal residual disease.