For decades, most road transport has relied on internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. In recent years, however, driven by the need to change the road transport energy source from fossil fuels to carbon free sources, alternative propulsion technologies (most notably battery-electric vehicles) have begun to play an increasingly prominent role. Although vehicles powered by so-called New Energy Carriers (NECs) still make up only a small share of the global fleet, their presence is expected to grow rapidly in the near term, driven by policy incentives and advances in fuel and powertrain technologies. Moreover, in certain specific applications such as airports and public transport, NEC vehicles fleets could be adopted sooner than in public road network traffic, creating environments in which NEC specific risks density and probability will be higher, thus requiring a specific approach in legislation, risk analysis and emergency management.