Tunneling projects in urban areas are developing rapidly as a result of the growing cities and the demands for modern transportation systems. Due to the lack of space at the surface, underground infrastructures offer a viable solution, but these underground constructions often cause some complex geotechnical challenges. One of the most critical issues is the ground surface settlement induced by tunneling, which puts buildings and utilities located near the project at risk, especially in densely populated areas. In this thesis, a comprehensive study on tunneling-induced settlement mechanisms in urban areas is provided by examining short-term and long-term ground deformations in both cohesive and cohesionless soils.