Evaluation of Magnetic and Electric Fields in High Voltage Substations - Development of a model for Safety Assessment and regulatory compliance

The objective of the thesis is to analyze the electromagnetic pollution generated by High Voltage electrical substations - specifically EHV/HV (Extra High Voltage/High Voltage) substations - with a focus on current regulations regarding the protection of people from exposure to electromagnetic fields. The research activity was centered on the development of a numerical code in MATLAB capable of accurately and effectively modeling the main components of substations. The resulting tool allows, starting from a limited number of input parameters, the complete description of the source geometry. It proves useful both in the preliminary design phase and for the analysis of existing installations. The implemented code is based on classical electromagnetic formulations and adopts an integral approach that avoids discretizing the surrounding environment - such as air and ground - significantly reducing computational load. The results obtained with the code enable the identification of potential critical zones to improve the safety of electrical installations near areas accessible to the public or workers. In addition to the full model, the thesis also examines a simplified approach for quickly estimating minimum safety distances. The results are critically analyzed to identify the limitations and potential of these models and assess their use as a practical and regulation-compliant alternative. Finally, a theoretical case study of a 380 kV / 150 kV electrical substation is presented. The simulation of such a station allows for the observation of the resulting electric and magnetic fields and the comparison of the proposed models, providing valuable support for substation design focused on electromagnetic safety.