This thesis covers the historical, economic, and business dynamics of Sicily, pointing out the root causes of the persistent economic problems and searching for new opportunities. Despite its rich cultural heritage and its strategic importance, Sicily has always been affected by economic disparities in comparison with mainland Italy. This work investigates the historical trend of the island, analyzing how the post-unification policies have contributed to its economic stagnation. It then assesses Sicily's economic performance over the last 30 years, focusing on key indicators such as GDP, employment, and foreign trade, with particular attention to the tourism sector's role in regional development.