The leather industry is one of the symbols of Made in Italy, and it is fundamental to the country's economy and tradition. Italy is the biggest producer of leather in Europe, with known tanning districts located in Tuscany, Veneto, Campania, and Lombardy. Italian leather is renowned worldwide for its high quality, handcrafted, and eco-friendly nature; therefore, the existence of flaws in leather products is a critical issue that must be solved and corrected. Nevertheless, defect identification remains a substantial challenge, both economically and environmentally. This thesis has been elaborated in cooperation with the SOLARIS project, part of the wider MICS (Made in Italy Circular and Sustainable) program whose purpose is to create innovative and sustainable solutions for the manufacturing sector in Italy.