Florin Roberto Bratu
A statistical multilevel approach to improve accuracy of Automatic Passenger Counting.
Rel. Cristina Pronello. Politecnico di Torino, Corso di laurea magistrale in Ict For Smart Societies (Ict Per La Società Del Futuro), 2025
Abstract
Automatic Passenger Counting (APC), or accurate estimation of the number of passengers in public transport, is crucial for optimizing transit operations, improving passenger experience, and supporting data-driven transport planning. Recently, thanks to the increase of popularity of machine learning and AI, two main APC technologies seem to emerge: Wi-Fi-based systems and optical camera systems. The firsts have gained popularity due to their low cost, but they often suffer from accuracy issues caused by signal interference, multiple devices for each person and more importantly the randomisation of addresses. As for camera systems, many commercial APC systems promise very high accuracies, but in real world conditions the accuracy plummets due to poor lighting, bus vibrations, and struggles to count people in crowded situations.
Hence, this thesis aims to improve raw Wi-Fi passenger count estimates by performing a comprehensive analysis of influencing factors and applying an innovative statistical modeling technique to enhance accuracy
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