The transition to a sustainable, low-carbon economy requires policies that not only address environmental challenges but also promote social equity. This thesis, Equity and Justice in the Green Transition: Towards Inclusive and Fair Climate Policies, explores the need for a climate policy approach in the European Union (EU) that prioritizes equity and social justice, with a particular focus on the European Green Deal (EGD). Recognizing the lack of a methodological tool to assess vulnerabilities arising from the negative impacts of climate mitigation policies, this research introduces a new vulnerability assessment framework tailored to the EU context. The framework employs an 11-dimensional matrix of well-being indicators, disaggregated by sex, age, and migration status, offering policymakers a practical tool for evaluating social vulnerabilities and ensuring that climate policies advance, rather than hinder, social equity.