Climate change presents profound challenges, significantly impacting ecosystems and societies. Recent extreme events such as heatwaves, wildfires, and floods underscore the urgent need for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer sustainable approaches to address these challenges while delivering economic, social, and environmental benefits. This thesis examines the cost-effectiveness of NbS within the GREEN-INC European Project in Turin, Italy, using two key economic indicators: (1) direct and indirect losses from urban heat island (UHI) effects and flooding risks, and (2) the ongoing maintenance costs of green and blue infrastructure. Economic impacts were assessed using a multidisciplinary framework for UHI and an integrated model for flood risk.