Kenya is experiencing a rapid economic growth, with a population growth rate of 2% annually and an urbanization rate increasing by 3.7% per year. This has led to rising energy demand and a significant increase in CO2 emissions. The national energy mix is dominated by biomass (62.5%), petroleum products (18.5%), and renewables (16.9%). Although transport accounts for only 21.7% of final energy consumption, it is responsible for 62% of CO2 emissions and consumes 76% of petroleum products, primarily diesel and gas oil (51%). Kenya's heavy reliance on petroleum imports is striking, domestic oil production is nonexistent, and net imports cover 123.2% of final petroleum consumption.