This thesis explores the use of pupillometry and gaze metrics as innovative tools to assess neural plasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). For this purpose, an advanced eye tracker, the Tobii Pro Glasses 3, was used to monitor changes in pupillary diameter and gaze direction while performing four different cognitive tests: Stroop Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Trail Making Test, and Attentional Matrices. These tests were chosen for their ability to stimulate various cognitive functions, including attention, visual and working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Pupillometry was employed to provide insights into neural activity dynamics that may indirectly reflect cognitive capacity and brain adaptation processes, particularly in neurodegenerative conditions like MS.