The aircraft manufacturing industry has a long and complex history, shaped by advancements in technology, geopolitical forces, and the rising demand for global air travel. Initially, the industry was fragmented, with numerous manufacturers competing for military and commercial contracts. However, by the late 20th century, it consolidated into a duopoly, with Boeing and Airbus emerging as the dominant players. Boeing, founded in 1916 in the United States, initially specialized in military aircraft before expanding into the commercial sector. The introduction of iconic models like the 707 and 747 solidified its position as a market leader. Airbus, instead, was founded in 1970 as a European consortium aimed at creating a competitive alternative to challenge the American dominance in aircraft manufacturing.