This thesis investigates the gender wage gap in Italy using regression analysis to control for counfounding factors. Key concepts like gender disparity and wage discrimination are defined and explored in their historical and socio-economic contexts. Initial chapters distinguish 'sex' from 'gender,' showing how various influences shape gender roles. The evolution of gender roles highlights milestones like the feminist movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis analyzes wage differentials, occupational segregation, and leadership representation. Despite being the global majority, women often earn less than men with similar qualifications. This disparity is linked to occupational segregation and undervaluation of women's work. Higher education levels tend to widen the gender wage gap.