Built environment and population health are eternal topics of concern for the development of human society. Since the reform and opening-up, China has experienced rapid urbanization, with the urbanization rate rising from 17.92% in 1978 to 66.16% in 2023. While rapid urbanization has brought great achievements to the economy and society, it has also been accompanied by a series of impacts of rapid construction on the health of the population. Many studies have shown that there is a close link between physical activity and human health, and that an appropriate increase in the amount of physical activity can help to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of certain diseases.