This study presents a comprehensive analysis of seismic hazard assessment and building structural vulnerability estimation, focusing on Italy's seismic-prone regions. The investigation comprises four interconnected chapters: literature review, methodology and fitting, Python implementation, as well as a final case study chapter. The literature review delineates the theoretical underpinnings of seismic and structural risk assessment, mentioning various dynamic analysis concepts and risk components. The methodology and curve fitting chapter presents the analytical framework used to model seismic hazard and structural vulnerability, encompassing data pre-processing, distribution fitting, and error analysis. A first level of analysis is done to estimate seismic hazard, followed by a second level of analysis aimed at estimating the structural vulnerability by using fragility curves for various cases of reinforced concrete or unconfined masonry buildings.