The continuous increase in food demand brings with it several questions, such as how to cope with food production in an ever-shrinking space, what technologies to use and in which way. Humans have not always addressed these questions with the best of techniques or with the appropriate foresight in considering the consequences for the environment. At a time when natural resources are not enough to satisfy an ever-growing population, it is therefore necessary to find solutions by acting on several fronts such as agriculture, climate, and geopolitical relations, which are inescapably interconnected. The need to find new technological solutions for a more sustainable and productive agriculture leads to the application of micro-nanotechnologies in the food production sector.