The thesis thoroughly examines the use of backfilling materials and methodologies in the mining industry, with a focus on their environmental and operational impacts. It discusses various types of backfill materials, such as cementitious, paste, and rockfills, as well as different methods of backfilling, including hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical methods. The thesis also investigates the environmental consequences of different backfilling approaches, considering their role in waste management, resource conservation, and mitigating negative environmental effects. It highlights innovations and technological advancements that aim to improve the efficiency and sustainability of backfilling operations. By incorporating academic research, the thesis evaluates the pros and cons of each method, proposes criteria for selecting the most suitable approach, and identifies future trends and potential enhancements in backfilling practices.