Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) are critical components in ensuring the security of computer networks and systems. With the constant evolution of cyber threats, it is essential to understand the functionalities, benefits, and limitations of these systems. This Thesis provides a comprehensive overview of IDS and IPS, including their history, key features, and implementation strategies. The Thesis begins by introducing the concepts of intrusion detection and prevention, to the differences between the two systems. It presents the historical development of IDS and IPS, from their early origins to the current state-of-the-art solutions. The Thesis delves into the various types of IDS (e.g., network-based, host-based, and hybrid) and IPS (e.g., inline, out-of-band, and hybrid), examining their strengths and weaknesses.