In recent years microwave technology is gaining attention in several fields thanks to its important benefits. The employment of microwave sensing in medical applications relies on the fact that microwave signals are sensitive to the electrical properties of tissues, such as permittivity and conductivity, different in healthy and pathological cases. This sensitivity enables the differentiation between healthy and diseased tissues by irradiating them via electromagnetic fields and analysing the different back-scattered signals. Hence, this technology can aid in the detection and characterization of abnormal tissues, such as tumours and strokes and can differentiate healthy and unhealthy cerebrospinal fluid that can be an evidence of the Alzheimer’s disease onset.